Painting #121 - Baroque in Spain

Baroque in Spain

Jusepe de Ribera  (1591–1652, Spanish)

Apollo and Marsyas
- Jusepe de Ribera
- oil on canvas  (202 x 255 cm)  1637
- Royal Museums of Fine Arts of Belgium  (Brussels) 

Diego Velázquez  (1599–1660, Spanish)

Las Meninas / The Maids of Honour
- Diego Velazquez
- oil on canvas  (318 × 276 cm)  1656-57
- Museo del Prado  (Madrid) 

The painting shows a large room in the Royal Alcazar of Madrid during the reign of King Philip IV (1605-1621-1665) of Spain. The young Infanta Margaret Theresa is surrounded by her entourage. The background mirror reflects the upper bodies of the king and queen. Velázquez also put himself inside the painting above, as the painter!

Christ Crucified
- Diego Velázquez
- oil on canvas  (248 x 169 cm)  c.1632
- Museo del Prado  (Madrid) 

Apollo in the Forge of Vulcan
- Diego Velázquez
- oil on canvas  (223 × 290 cm)  1630
- Museo del Prado  (Madrid) 

The painting depicts the moment when the god Apollo, identifiable by the crown of laurel on his head, visits Vulcan, who is found making weapons for war. The god Apollo tells Vulcan that his wife, Venus, is having an affair with Mars, the god of war. For this reason, the other figures in the room are looking in surprise at the god who has just appeared before them.

Francisco de Zurbarán (1598–1664, Spanish)

Known primarily for his religious paintings, and for his still-lifes, Zurbarán excelled in the forceful, realistic use of chiaroscuro (It: light dark).

Still-life with Lemons, Oranges and Rose
- Francisco de Zurbarán
- oil on canvas  (60 x 107 cm)  1633
- Norton Simon Museum  (Pasadena, CA) 

The Lying-in-State of St. Bonaventura
- Francisco Zurbarán
- oil on canvas  (250 x 225 cm)  1629-30
- Louvre  (Paris) 

The Body of St. Bonaventure in the Presence of Pope Gregory X and James I of Aragon.

Bartolomé Esteban Murillo 

(1617-1682, Spanish) 

The Holy Family with Dog
- Bartolomé Esteban Murillo
- oil on canvas  (144 x 188 cm)  c.1650
- Museo del Prado  (Madrid) 

The Immaculate Conception
- Bartolomé Esteban Murillo
- oil on canvas (206 × 144 cm) c.1660-65
- Museo del Prado (Royal Palace of Madrid) 

Two Women at a Window
- Bartolomé Esteban Murillo
- oil on canvas  (125 x 105 cm)  c.1670
- National Gallery of Art  (Washington)

Spanish Inquisition

The Tribunal of the Holy Office of the Inquisition, commonly known as the Spanish Inquisition, was established in 1478 by Catholic monarchs Ferdinand II of Aragon and Isabella I of Castile.

The burning of a 16th-century Dutch Anabaptist,
Anneken Hendriks, who was charged with heresy
- Jan Luyken  (1649–1712, Dutch)  1685

Ferdinand II of Aragon and Isabella I of Castile also sponsored the first voyage of Christopher Columbus (1451–1506), in 1492.

The arrival of Christopher Columbus to America, 1492
Exploration of North America 

Source: Wikipedia