Painting #106 - Early Renaissance

Italian Renaissance :

The Early Renaissance  

(1400-1499) - Part 1/2

Florentine School

- an art movement of Italy in the 14-15^th century, when Florence originated Italian Renaissance
- emphasized in shapes, scale, anatomy, sketches

 Il Duomo of Florence Cathedral
- Filippo Brunelleschi (1377-1466)
- (46-m-wide dome) 1436
- Basilica di Santa Maria del Fiore (Florence)

Masaccio 

(1401-1428, Florentian)

The Pisa Altarpiece 
- Masaccio
- tempera on gold ground and wood panel
- Church of Santa Maria (Carmine, Pisa) 

Detail of central panel:

Madonna and Child with Angels
- Masaccio
- tempera on wood (135 x 74 cm) 1426
- National Gallery (London)

Masolino da Panicale 

(1383–1447, Italian)

The Annunciation
- Masolino
- tempera on panel (149 x 115 cm) 1423-24
- National Gallery of Art (Washington, D.C.) 

Domenico Veneziano 

(1410–1461, Italian)

Saint John in the Desert
(Saint John the Baptist in the Wilderness) 
- Domenico Veneziano
- tempera on wood (28 × 32 cm) c.1445
- National Gallery of Art (Washington, D.C.)

Giovanni di Paolo 

(1403–1482, Italian)

St John the Baptist Goes into the Wilderness
- Giovanni di Paolo
- tempera on poplar wood (31 x 39 cm) c.1454
- National Gallery (London) 

Putting things into perspective

The first known picture to make use of linear perspective:

- Fillipo Brunelleshi & Masaccio  
- fresco (255 x 598 cm) 1425  
- Cappella Brancacci (Florence) 

Depicted people: Jesus Christ, Peter

Illustrations in De pictura
- Leon Battista Alberti (1404–1472, Italian)
- book in Latin, comp. 1435, pub. 1450

Perspective Study of a Chalice
- Paolo Uccello (1397–1475, Italian)
- pen and ink on paper (29 x 24.5 cm) 15th century
- Gabinetto dei Disegni, Uffizi (Florence)  

(Perspective was applied to this painting of his:)

The Hunt in the Forest
- Paolo Uccello
- tempera, oil and gold on panel (75 × 178 cm) c.1460
- Ashmolean Museum (Oxford U)

Fra Angelico 

(c.1395–1455, Italian)

The Annunciation
- Fra Angelico
- tempera on panel (154 × 194 cm) c.1435
- Museo del Prado (Madrid)

 San Marco Altarpiece
(aka Madonna and Saints)
- Fra Angelico
- tempera on wood (220 × 227 cm) 1438–1443
- Museo di San Marco (Florence)

"In art, a sacra conversazione, meaning holy (or sacred) conversation, is a genre developed in Italian Renaissance painting, with a depiction of the Virgin and Child (the Virgin Mary with the infant Jesus) amidst a group of saints in a relatively informal grouping, as opposed to the more rigid and hierarchical compositions of earlier periods. 

     "Donor portraits may also be included, generally kneeling, often their patron saint is presenting them to the Virgin, and angels are frequently in attendance."

Deposition from the Cross
- Fra Angelico
- tempera on wood (176 × 185 cm) 1437-1440
- Museo di San Marco (Florence) 

Fra Filippo Lippi  

(c.1406–1469, Italian)

The Annunciation
- Filippo Lippi
- oil on panel (203 x 186 cm) c.1443-1450
- Alte Pinakothek (Munich)

 Barbadori Altarpiece
(aka Madonna and Child with St Fredianus and St Augustine)
- Fra Filippo Lippi
- oil on poplar panel (208 x 244 cm) 1437-38
- Louvre (Paris)

Madonna and Child 
- Fra Filippo Lippi
 - tempera on wood (95 x 62 cm) c.1465
- Uffizi Gallery (Florence)

Madonna with child and two Angels

Marsuppini Coronation
- Filippo Lippi after 1444
- tempera on panel (172 × 251 cm)
- Vatican Museums (Rome)

The Annunciation
- Filippo Lippi
- tempera on panel (68 x 152 cm) c.1448-50
- National Gallery (London)

 Seven Saints
- Filippo Lippi
- tempera on panel (68 × 152 cm) c.1448-50
- National Gallery (London) 

A number of them were protectors or patrons of members of the Medici family on the rise to power.
[R1] Saint Peter of Verona, killed by an assassin, still has an axe on his head.


Perspective was applied to this painting:

Madonna with the Child
(and Scenes from the Life of St. Anne)
- [Fra'] Filippino Lippi
- oil and tempera on wood (135cm dia.) in 1452
- Museums of Florence

[Fra'] Filippino Lippi was an orphan raised by a friar, to be a friar. For this painting, he the painter (a monk) and the sitting model (a novice nun) fell in love, giving birth to a boy and a girl. The Pope pardoned them because of his painting talent, and allowed them to get married.

The boy, Filippino Lippi,  grew up to be another painter with the same name as his father:

Tobias and the Angel 
- Filippino Lippi (1457-1504, Italian)
- oil & tempera on panel (33 × 24 cm) 1475-80
- National Gallery of Art (Washington, D.C.)

= = = = =
EXTRA:

(Psalm 150 depicted in 8 panels on) Cantoria
 (singing gallery in Florence Cathedral)
- Luca della Robbia (1400-1482, Italian)
- marble sculpture with 8 relief panels, 1431-1438
- Museo dell'Opera del Duomo (Florence) 

The Marzocco
(the heraldic lion, a symbol of Florence)
- a replica of Donatello's
- Piazza della Signoria (Florence) 

Gates of Paradise
(east doors of baptistery) 
- Lorenzo Ghiberti (1381-1455, Italian)
- bronze relief (5 x 2 panels), c.1421
- Florence Baptistery  

L-R, T-B:
1. Adam & Eve     2. Cain & Abel
3. Noah     4. Abraham
5. Isaac with Esau & Jacob     6. Joseph
7. Moses     8. Joshua
9. David     10. Solomon & Queen of Sheba.

Reference: Wikipedia