Dutch Golden Age
Rembrandt (1606–1669, Dutch)
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| The Blinding of Samson - Rembrandt - oil on canvas (236 x 302 cm) 1636 - Städel Museum (Frankfurt) |
Samson was betrayed by his lover Delilah, who ordered a servant to cut his hair while he was sleeping and turned him over to his Philistine enemies, who gouged out his eyes.
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| The Jewish Bride - Rembrandt - oil on canvas (121 × 166 cm) 1665-69 - Rijksmuseum (Amsterdam) |
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| Joseph Accused by Potiphar's Wife - Rembrandt Workshop - oil on canvas (106 x 98 cm) 1655 - National Gallery of Art (Washington) |
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| Joseph and Potiphar's Wife - Rembrandt - etching (9.1 × 11.4 cm) 1634 |
Dutch Still Life Tradition
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| Still-Life - Willem Claesz Heda (1594-1680, Dutch) - oil on panel (44 x 68 cm) c.1634 - Museo Thyssen-Bornemisza (Madrid) |
Heda is known for his innovation of the breakfast genre of still life painting, representing both a literal presentation of delicacies that the upper class might enjoy and a religious reminder to avoid gluttony.
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Vase of Flowers
- Jan Davidsz. de Heem (1606–1684, Dutch & Flemish) - oil on canvas (69 x 57 cm) 1660
- National Gallery of Art (Washington)
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| Tulip Mania |
Johannes Vermeer (1632–1675, Dutch)
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| A Woman Holding a Balance - Johannes Vermeer - oil on canvas (42 × 38 cm) 1662-63 - National Gallery of Art (Washington) |
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| The Milkmaid - Johannes Vermeer - oil on canvas (45.5 x 41 cm) c.1660 - Rijksmuseum (Amsterdam) |
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| View of Delft - Johannes Vermeer - oil on canvas (96 × 116 cm) 1660-61 - Mauritshuis (The Hague) |
Delftware or Delft pottery, aka Delft Blue,
is a general term now used for Dutch tin-glazed earthenware. Most of it is blue and white pottery, and the city of Delft in the Netherlands was the major centre of production, but the term covers wares with other colours, and made elsewhere.
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| Window display of Delftware in the market place, Delft |
Frans Hals the Elder (c.1582–1666, Dutch)
“繪畫技巧：在當時如果油畫中筆觸明顯被認為是一種瑕疵，但Hals卻是使用這種技巧的大師。這種生動活潑的表現手法時常使畫面看起來粗枝大葉，致使人們以為Hals的作品皆是草率地幾筆描成 (德語：aus einem Guss)，不過研究表明這種印象並不是事實。大部分Hals的作品確實沒有事先的草稿或底色（'alla prima'），但仍存有顏料層次，符合當時的慣例。” |
| Willem Coymans - Frans Hals - oil on canvas (77 x 64 cm) 1645 - National Gallery of Art (Washington) |
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| Regentesses of the Old Men's Almshouse - Frans Hals - oil on canvas (173 × 256 cm) 1664 - Frans Hals Museum (Haarlem, Netherlands) |
Genre painting (scenes of everyday life) & landscape
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| A Dutch Courtyard - Pieter de Hooch (1629-84, Dutch) - oil on canvas (69 x 60 cm) c 1658-60 - National Gallery of Art (Washington) |
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| Skittle Players outside an Inn - Jan Steen (1625/1626–1679, Dutch) - oil on oak (33 x 27 cm) 1660-63 - National Gallery (London) |
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| A Herdsman with Five Cows by the River - Aelbert Cuyp (1620–1691, Dutch) - oil on oak (45 x 74 cm) c.1650 - National Gallery (London) |
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| Forest Scene - Jacob van Ruisdael (1628/1629–1682, Dutch) - oil on canvas (105 x 123 cm) c.1665 - National Gallery of Art (Washington) |
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| Windmill at Wijk bij Duurstede - Jacob van Ruisdael (1628/1629–1682, Dutch) - oil on canvas (83 × 101 cm) c.1670 - Museum on loan to Rijksmuseum (Amsterdam) |
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| The Avenue at Middelharnis - Meindert Hobbema (1638–1709, Dutch) - oil on canvas (104 × 141 cm) 1689 - National Gallery (London) |
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| Interior of the Church of St Bavo in Haarlem - Pieter Jansz. Saenredam (1597–1665, Dutch) - oil on panel (94 x 55 cm) 1636 - Rijksmuseum (Amsterdam) |
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| The Hermit - Gerrit Dou (1613–1675, Dutch) - oil on oak (46 x 34.5 cm) 1670 - National Gallery of Art (Washington) |
Prince William of Orange became William III of England
“William III (1650–1702), aka William of Orange, was▪ sovereign Prince of Orange from birth,
▪ a Stadtholder in the Dutch Republic from the 1670s and
▪ King of England, Ireland and Scotland from 1689 until his death.
Popular histories usually refer to his joint reign with his wife, Queen Mary II, as that of William and Mary.”
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| Engraving of William III and Mary II, 1703 |
The Grand Tour
..... was the 17th- and 18th-century custom of a traditional trip of Europe undertaken by upper-class young European men of sufficient means and rank (typically accompanied by a chaperone, such as a family member) when they had come of age (about 21 years old).
Source: Wikipedia
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